Conditional
tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened,
and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional
contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in
sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred
to as "the
unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually
referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of
constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences
are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative
conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using
"unless" instead of "if".
Example
:
·
If I had a lot of money, I would buy
an expensive car.
·
If were you, I would work in that
foreign company.
·
If
I had got high score in the national examination, I would have studeid in a
state university.
·
If I study English, I will get good
score in TOEFL.
There are two
parts in the sentence structure supposition. That is the main clause and
clauses (in the form of the if clause).
Example:
If
I work hard, 1 will have a lot of money.
If
clause
main clause
Example:
·
If I had got high score in the
national examination, 1 would have entered state university.
·
1 would have entered state
university If I had got high score in the national examination.
When the position is in front of the main clause, it is not necessary to be a separator comma (,)
between main clause and clausess sentence.
When the position of the clause (if clause) is in the front, then used a separator in the form of a comma (,).
KINDS
OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Ø Type 1 conditional
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future. Such sentences explaining to declare a pattern of cause and effect.
Pattern Of the Type 1
If
+ subject + VI (Simple Present Tense)+Subject + will + VI
(Simple Present tense)
Or
Example for type 1:
If I study hard, I will pass the final examination
Ø Type 2 conditional
The type 2 conditional is
used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a
situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on
fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and
its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the
simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
Fact: the facts revealed by the conditional sentences type 2 is that nowadays what is supposed it did not
happen.
Pattern Of the Type 2
If
+ subject + V2/simple past tense + Subject + would + Vl/past future tense
or
Example for type 2.
Condotional Sentence:
If I had long holiday, I would
visit your home
Fakta/Fact :
I have not long holiday.
Ø Type 3 conditional
The type 3 conditional is
used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation
that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are
the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to
an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional
sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the
perfect conditional. The facts
revealed in the sentence of this supposition is that what is supposed never
happened in the past.
Pattern for type 3
If
+ subject + had + V3/past perfects + subject + would have + V3/past perfect
or
if
+ subject + had been + adjective/noun + subject + would have been +
adjective/noun
Example for type 3
Conditional sentence:
If I had studied English well, I
would have got good score in TOEIC.
Fact:
I did not study. Therefore, I had
bad score in TOEIC
Conditional sentence can reveal events or assumptions that occur at different times.
For example, if clause (clause) reveals the events of the past [past), while the main clause reveals the events
that now [present).
Example :
Conditional sentence:
If I had
prepared some foods several hours ago, I would not be hungry right now
Fact:
I did not prepare some foods
several hours ago so 1 am hungry right now.
If there were usage, had (past perfect), and should sometimes if there are disappearances.
Example :
Were I you, I would attend
the state university entrance test.
Were I you = if I were you
Contoh Soal Toefl Conditional Sentences
1. If we don’t hurry, the meeting ______ by the time we get there. A. would have started B. will have started C. will be started D. will start
Answer : D Keyword : don’t hurry Discussion: This sentence is the modality type 1. The pattern is If + S + V1, S + will + V1.
2. If I had a lot of time, I would study German. From this sentence we know that _____. A. I have a lot of time, so I study German B. I studied German because I had a lot of time C. I want to study German because I have a lot of time D. I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time
Answer : D Keyword : If I had a lot of time, I would study German Discussion : This sentence is the modality type 2, in which the subject does not have the
possibility to achieve the objectives underlying assumption. So we can conclude that I would like to study
German, but I don’t have much time.
3. ______ her shyness, she would have become a great teacher. A. She had overcome B. If had she overcome C. If she overcame D. If she would overcome
Answer: B Keyword : would have become Discussion: This sentence is the modality type 3. The pattern is If S + had + V3, S + would + have +
V3.
4.
I will visit your hometown…………..
a. If I come to Indonesia.
b.
If I came to Indonesia
c.
If I will come to Indonesia
d.
If I would come to Indonesia
5.
If I had had free time …………..
a.
I will watch the movie together with my friend.
b.
I would watch the movie together with my friend.
c. I would have watched the movie together
with my friends.
d.
I would have been watching the movie together with my
friends.
