Prophet Yusuf (AS) was the son of Prophet Ya'qub (AS). In the Bible
he is referred to as Joseph son of Jacob. The Holy Qur'an has mentioned
his story in a beautiful chapter entitled "Surah Yusuf". Prophet Yusuf
(AS) had 11 brothers. He was one of the youngest and possessed excellent
character and manners. His father loved him dearly. Prophet Yusuf
(AS) once dreamt that eleven stars and the sun and moon were prostrating
to him. He related the dream to his father. Prophet Ya'qub (AS)
realised that the dream outlined his son's destiny and greatness and
cautioned him not to tell his brothers about the dream.
His brothers were jealous of the favour that he enjoyed in their
father's eyes and planned to somehow get rid of him. Whenever they took
their goats out for grazing they would ask their father if Yusuf (AS)
could accompany them. Prophet Ya'qub (AS) always refused, saying that
the boy was too young. When Prophet Yusuf (AS) reached the age of 16,
his brothers insisted that he was now old enough to accompany them. With
reluctance, their father agreed to let them take him with them.
As soon as they were far enough from home, they began to plot about
how to dispose of Prophet Yusuf (AS). Then, they came across a dry well.
They removed Prophet Yusuf's (AS) shirt, and threw him into the well.
Ignoring their young brother's pleas, they heartlessly left him to die
of hunger.
On the way back, they slaughtered a goat and stained Prophet Yusuf's
(AS) shirt with its blood. They arrived home weeping and told their
father that while they were grazing their sheep, a wolf came and ate
their brother. He did not believe their story and could do nothing but
remain patient and wait for Allah to reunite him with his beloved son. Meanwhile
a caravan of traders passing by the well stopped to draw some water.
They were surprised to see Prophet Yusuf (AS) come up holding the
bucket. They hid him with their merchandise and sold him to some slave
traders for a few pieces of silver.
- Prophet Yusuf (AS) in Egypt
Thus, Prophet Yusuf (AS) arrived in Egypt. At the slave market the
buyers were all attracted by him, because he was a very handsome young
man. News of this remarkable youth swept through the city. The Aziz
(Governor of Egypt and Chief Officer of the King), whose name was
Fotifaar, offered a price that none could match. He brought Prophet
Yusuf (AS) home and told his wife Zuleikha that they would adopt him as
their son.
Zuleikha, however, was so taken by Prophet Yusuf's (AS) beauty that
she sought to have an illegal association with him. A Prophet of Allah
could never be part of such an evil deed and Prophet Yusuf (AS) backed
away from the advances of Zuleikha. As he raced for the door she ripped
his shirt from behind. At the door they met the Aziz. On seeing her
husband, Zuleikha tried to blame Yusuf (AS) by claiming that he had
tried to lay a hand on her. Before the Aziz could vent his fury on
Prophet Yusuf (AS), a baby spoke up from the cradle, and the Holy Qur'an
says:
And a witness from her own household testified, "If his shirt is torn
from the front, then she speaks the truth and he is of the liars. And
if his shirt is torn from behind, then she lies and he is of the
truthful ones.
Surah Yusuf, 12:26,27
The shirt was, of course, torn from behind, and the Aziz was
extremely angry with his wife for attempting such an act of indecency.
The women of the city heard about Zuleikha's actions and began to gossip
and make fun of her. To explain her attraction she decided to let them
see Prophet Yusuf (AS) themselves.
She called forty of them to the palace for a meal. As soon as they
all had a knife to cut some fruit, she called Prophet Yusuf (AS) into
the room on some excuse. So dazzled were they by his beauty and
presence, that they cut their fingers in their distraction and
exclaimed, "This is not a human being - he must be an angel!"
Zuleikha
was furious with Prophet Yusuf (AS) because he had caused her to be
ridiculed. In her anger and frustration, she caused him to be imprisoned
on false charges of assault.
- Prophet Yusuf (AS) in Prison
Due to continued pressure from his wife Zuleikha, the Aziz of Egypt
decided to imprison Prophet Yusuf (AS), despite his innocence. The
reason he gave was that people would forget the actions of his wife
while Prophet Yusuf (AS) lay in prison, and her dignity would be
restored.
On the same day that Prophet Yusuf (AS) was put into prison, two
other men were also imprisoned. One used to serve the king wine, while
the other was the royal cook. Both men had been accused of trying to
poison the king. On the following day, the wine-server said to Prophet
Yusuf (AS), "I saw in a dream that I was crushing grapes to make wine
for the king". The cook said, "I dreamt that I was carrying some bread
in a basket on my head and birds were pecking at the bread".
Both men saw that Prophet Yusuf (AS) was a noble and pious person and
asked him if he could interpret their dreams. Prophet Yusuf (AS) took
this opportunity to preach the religion of Allah to his prison-mates. He
promised to tell them the meaning of their dreams and informed them
that this was a special power given to him by Allah Before he did so,
however, he explained to them how senseless it was to believe in various
gods and explained to them about the Oneness of Allah and the Day of
Resurrection.
Finally he said, "O my prison-mates! The man who dreamt that he was
crushing grapes will soon be released from here and will go back to his
previous post. The second one, who carried the bread on his head in the
dream, will be executed and the birds will start to eat his brain."
Prophet Yusuf (AS) thought of getting himself released from prison
through the wine-server, and told him to remind the king of his
innocence when he saw him. The dreams of both men came true just as he
had foretold. One of the captives was released while the other was
hanged. Unfortunately, the wine-server forgot all that Prophet Yusuf
(AS) had told him to convey to the king.
- Prophet Yusuf's (AS) Release From Prison
The Holy Qur'an says:
The king dreamt that seven lean cows were
eating seven fat ones and that there were seven green ears of corn and
seven dry ones. He asked the nobles to tell him the meaning of his dream
if they were able to. They replied, "It is a confused dream and we do
not know the meaning of such dreams."
Surah Yusuf, 12:43,44
The king was very concerned about the meaning of his dream and even
though his wise men thought over it seriously, they could not make sense
of it. The king's dream became a means of the liberation of Prophet
Yusuf (AS) from prison. As soon as the wine-server heard about the dream
he was reminded of his time in prison and remembered the powers of his
cell-mate. He also remembered that Prophet Yusuf (AS) had asked him to
tell the king of his innocence. He approached the king and got his
permission to see Prophet Yusuf (AS).
Prophet Yusuf (AS) interpreted the dream by the power given to him by
Allah . He said, "For seven years the crops will yield abundant
food-grain for the people of Egypt. After that there will be a famine
for seven years during which all the food-grain lying in the storehouses
will be finished and people will starve. Therefore, the people should
try to grow as much extra grain as possible so that it would stand them
in good stead during the time of famine".
On hearing this very reasonable and sensible interpretation of his
dream from the wine-server, the king was delighted. He ordered that
Prophet Yusuf (AS) be brought before him so he could make good use of
his wisdom in solving his problems.
Although he had been in the dark
dungeon for so long, Prophet Yusuf (AS) refused to leave the prison
until he proved his innocence. He said to the courtiers, "I will not
come out of the prison until the king makes enquiries about my case.
Tell the king to ask the wives of the noble men about the time when they
cut their fingers on seeing me".
The courtiers passed on this message to the king who called the
concerned women to him for an explanation. They all confessed the truth
and Zuleikha, the wife of the Aziz, also testified that Prophet Yusuf
(AS) was innocent of any guilt. Thus, Prophet Yusuf (AS) was released
from the prison with his dignity and honour restored.
- Prophet Yusuf (AS) in the Royal Court
The Holy Qur'an says:
The king ordered his men to bring Yusuf
before him; he wanted to grant him a high office. The king said to him,
"From now on you will be an honoured and trusted person amongst us."
Yusuf said, "Put me in charge of the treasuries of the land, I know how
to manage them."
Surah Yusuf, 12:54,55
When the king met Prophet Yusuf (AS), he found him to be a wise and
broad-minded man. In response to the request of Prophet Yusuf (AS) as
related in the verse above, the king made him in charge of finance and
food and ordered his ministers and officials to treat Prophet Yusuf's
(AS) commands as his own.
Prophet Yusuf (AS) thus became the Aziz of Egypt and began his new
duties without delay. He was determined that when the famine arrived,
nobody should starve.
The river Nile flooded its banks regularly to
provide fertile soil for the growth of food grain and Prophet Yusuf (AS)
was aware that the famine would be caused by the decrease of the water
in this river. He decided to make a brief tour of Egypt to assess the
best locations where intensive cultivation could be carried out.
He allocated extra money to the farmers in the most fertile areas of
the Nile, so that they would be able to grow the maximum amount of
grain. He also ordered the construction of huge storehouses (granaries),
capable of storing several hundred tons of the surplus grain.
During
the first seven years, he supplied grain to the people according to
their minimum needs, and stored the rest in the newly-built granaries.
By the time the seven years were over, the granaries were full. The
water level of the Nile fell tremendously and the country was hit by a
severe drought. However, due to his foresight and planning, the country
did not face a shortage of food.
The famine also extended to the lands of Palestine and Kanaan where
Prophet Ya'qub (AS) lived with his sons. One day he called them and
said, "My sons! We are in great distress due to the famine. You may go
to the Aziz of Egypt whose reputation as a kind and just person has
spread everywhere in the country. Leave Binyameen with me for company so
that I may not be lonely." As commanded by their father, the brothers
of Prophet Yusuf (AS) set off for Egypt to purchase grain and bring it
back to Kanaan.
- Prophet Yusuf's (AS) Brothers in Egypt
When his brothers arrived in Egypt, Prophet Yusuf (AS) was very
pleased to see them. They did not recognise him at all, never expecting
that he was alive. Prophet Yusuf (AS) was disappointed not to see his
full brother, Binyameen, and asked his brothers to tell him about
themselves.
They introduced themselves and told him about their father and
mother. Prophet Yusuf (AS) was relieved to hear that Prophet Ya'qub (AS)
was alive, and he welcomed his brothers sincerely. He provided them
with enough wheat for their needs and had their money put back in their
bags secretly. He also asked them to bring their other brother the next
time as proof that they were speaking the truth about their family. The
Holy Qur'an narrates this episode in the following words:
Yusuf's brothers came to him and when they entered his court, he
recognised them. They did not know him. And when he gave them the
provisions, he said, "Next time, bring me your other brother from your
father. As you can see, I give each of you a certain amount of grain, I
am a polite host. If you do not bring him, do not come to us for we
shall not give you any more grain.
Surah Yusuf, 12:58- 60
On their return home, the brothers related their experiences to their
father, praising the generosity and hospitality of Prophet Yusuf (AS).
When they opened their bags they were delighted to see that their money
had been returned. Soon they were out of grain and were impatient to go
back to Egypt to get more. However, they could not go back without
Binyameen, so they tried to convince their father to let him come with
them. Prophet Ya'qub (AS) refused to let them take Binyameen, saying
that they would do the same thing with him as they did with Prophet
Yusuf (AS).
After repeated promises the brothers finally convinced him that they
would sincerely look after Binyameen, so he let him accompany them to
Egypt.
When they reached Egypt, the brothers proceeded to the court
of Prophet Yusuf (AS) and presented their brother Binyameen to him.
Prophet Yusuf (AS) was extremely happy to see his younger brother and
invited all of them to dine with him. Later he gave them all
accommodation at his own house, and asked Binyameen to sleep in his
room. During the night, Prophet Yusuf (AS) revealed his identity to
Binyameen.
Prophet Yusuf (AS) once dreamt that eleven stars and the sun and moon
were prostrating to him. He related the dream to his father. Prophet
Ya'qub (AS) realised that the dream outlined his son's destiny and
greatness and cautioned him not to tell his brothers about the dream.
His brothers were jealous of the favour that he enjoyed in their
father's eyes and planned to somehow get rid of him. Whenever they took
their goats out for grazing they would ask their father if Yusuf (AS)
could accompany them. Prophet Ya'qub (AS) always refused, saying that
the boy was too young. When Prophet Yusuf (AS) reached the age of 16,
his brothers insisted that he was now old enough to accompany them. With
reluctance, their father agreed to let them take him with them.
As soon as they were far enough from home, they began to plot about
how to dispose of Prophet Yusuf (AS). Then, they came across a dry well.
They removed Prophet Yusuf's (AS) shirt, and threw him into the well.
Ignoring their young brother's pleas, they heartlessly left him to die
of hunger.
On the way back, they slaughtered a goat and stained Prophet Yusuf's
(AS) shirt with its blood. They arrived home weeping and told their
father that while they were grazing their sheep, a wolf came and ate
their brother. He did not believe their story and could do nothing but
remain patient and wait for Allah to reunite him with his beloved son.
Meanwhile
a caravan of traders passing by the well stopped to draw some water.
They were surprised to see Prophet Yusuf (AS) come up holding the
bucket. They hid him with their merchandise and sold him to some slave
traders for a few pieces of silver.
- Prophet Yusuf's (AS) Plan to Detain Binyameen
After they had received their requirement of wheat, the brothers of
Prophet Yusuf (AS) began to prepare for their journey home. Meanwhile,
according to the command of Allah, Prophet Yusuf (AS) put into action a
plan to detain his full brother Binyameen. He ordered his men to put a
gold cup belonging to the king in Binyameen's baggage. The Holy Qur'an
describes the incident in the following words:
When he (Yusuf) had furnished them with provisions, (someone) placed
the (king's) drinking cup in his brother's baggage. Then someone
shouted, "People of the caravan, you are most surely thieves."
Surah Yusuf, 12:70
The brothers of Prophet Yusuf (AS) had not gone very far when they
were stopped and accused of stealing. They denied this, and said that if
anyone of them was found guilty of theft, he could be held as a slave
by Prophet Yusuf (AS). The caravan was searched, and the cup was found
in the bag of Binyameen.
When the brothers were brought before Prophet Yusuf (AS), he said,
"According to your own words, we will now detain Binyameen with us."
They replied, "O Aziz of Egypt! Our father is old and weak. You may
detain any of us, but not Binyameen." However, Prophet Yusuf (AS) said
that he could not detain anyone who was not guilty. The brothers had no
choice but to leave for Kanaan. The eldest brother, Yahuda, refused to
return without Binyameen. He remained behind in Egypt, rather than face
his father.
- The Reunion of the family of Prophet Ya'qub (AS)
When the brothers returned to Kanaan and told Prophet Ya'qub (AS) what had happened, he was heartbroken.
He
had already lost his eyesight crying for his beloved son Prophet Yusuf
(AS), and this second loss was almost too much for him to bear. He now
recalled the memory of his lost sons and wept.
He asked his sons to immediately return to Egypt to look for both
Prophet Yusuf (AS) and Binyameen. According to their father's
instructions, the brothers came to the Aziz of Egypt for the third time,
and pleaded for the release of Binyameen as well as some grain for
food.
Prophet Yusuf (AS) reminded them of how badly they had treated their
brother Yusuf, and caused separation between him and his father. The
brothers were amazed to hear their secret from the Aziz, who now spoke
in the language of the people of Kanaan. They asked him, "Are you
Yusuf?"
He replied, "Yes, I am Yusuf, and this is my brother. Allah has been
gracious to me. One who is pious and patient against hardships is always
rewarded by Allah for his virtues." On hearing this, the brothers hung
their heads in shame and asked him for his forgiveness. He said, "You
need not be frightened of me. Allah may forgive you your sins. Now take
my shirt and cover my father's face with it, so that he may regain his
lost sight. Then return to me with all your family."
The Holy Qur'an says:
When the caravan had left the town (from
Egypt), their father (in Kanaan) said, "I smell Yusuf's fragrance. I
hope you will not think that I am weak in judgement (due to my love for
him). They said, "By Allah ! You are still making the same old error.
When someone brought him the glad news, Yusuf's shirt was placed on his
face and his eyesight was restored. He said, "Did I not tell you that I
know about Allah that which you do not know?"
Surah Yusuf, 12:94-96
After getting his eyesight back and hearing the good news of his son,
Prophet Ya'qub (AS) decided to proceed to Egypt immediately. Prophet
Yusuf (AS) was delighted to meet them and embraced his father and
mother.
As a token of their gratitude to Allah at this reunion, his parents and brothers prostrated themselves on the ground.
Thus Allah made true the dream of Prophet Yusuf (AS), when he had
seen eleven stars and the sun and the moon in prostration in front of
him. After many trials, Allah raised him from the position of a slave to
the highest rank in the land.
At the request of his son, Prophet
Ya'qub (AS) settled in Egypt with his family, and their clan came to be
known as the Bani Israa'il.
Prophet Ya'qub (AS) lived in Egypt for 17 years and died at the age
of 147. Prophet Yusuf (AS) breathed his last some years later at the age
of 110 years, and his kingdom passed into the hands of rulers whose
titles were Fir'aun.
Moral Lessons from the Story of Prophet Yusuf (AS)
Allah says the following about the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS) in the Holy Qur'an:
We
narrate unto you (O Muhammad) the most excellent of the stories (by
which) We have revealed unto you this Qur'an; though before this you
were of the unaware ones (of its details).
Surah Yusuf, 12:3
Indeed, the adventures and experiences of Prophet Yusuf (AS), and his
conduct throughout his life, provide us with a wealth of lessons and
morals. Some things we may learn from his life are:
1. The belief in the presence of Allah makes a man's troubles easier
for him to bear, and as long as he keeps himself away from sins despite
temptations, he will ultimately be successful. Prophet Yusuf (AS) taught
us this by his cheerful conduct throughout his enslavement and
imprisonment.
2. In all difficulties and hardships one should seek only Allah's
protection. Prophet Yusuf (AS) showed his faith by seeking refuge from
Allah when faced with the evil intentions of Zuleikha. He was thus saved
from committing a terrible sin.
3. One should always remain attached to religion and should take
every opportunity to persuade others towards the right path. Prophet
Yusuf (AS) did not forsake his duty even when in the prison, where he
preached against idol worship before interpreting the dreams of his
cell-mates.
4. Patience in the face of hardship is the best of qualities and
results in reward from Allah in this life and the hereafter. Prophet
Yusuf (AS) remained calm and resigned to the Will of Allah, despite
being abandoned in the well by his brothers.
He also bore the shame of being sold as a slave patiently.
He
also accepted his false imprisonment. In return for his forbearance,
Allah raised his position till it was the highest in Egypt.
5. It is important to act in such a manner as to preserve your honour
and dignity, and these qualities must always be safeguarded. Prophet
Yusuf (AS) taught us this valuable lesson when he refused to accept his
freedom from prison until his innocence was proved to the people.
Thus
when he was finally released, he knew he could come in front of the
people with his head held high and without any blemish on his record.
6. Above all, this story teaches us that we should forgive and forget
the past. When Prophet Yusuf's (AS) brothers came to him in Egypt, they
were in a pitiable condition and would have been helpless against his
great power. If he had wished, Prophet Yusuf (AS) could have severely
punished them for the heartless treatment they had given him. Instead he
forgave their errors and treated them well.
We have listed only a few lessons above, and there is a lot more that
one can learn and understand from the story of Prophet Yusuf (AS).
And ALLAH Knows Best.